Protocols List
- Cell Culture Techniques: Aseptic Technique for Culture Maintenance, CO2 Incubator Setup and Validation, Primary Cell Isolation and Culture from Tissues, Cell Line Authentication via STR Profiling, Cryopreservation and Thawing Protocols for Cell Lines, Serum-free Culture for Bioproduction, Hypoxic Conditions Setup for Cancer Cell Studies, 3D Cell Culture Techniques including Spheroids and Organoids, Automated Cell Culture Systems for High-throughput Screening
- Flow Cytometry for Cell Sorting: Single-Cell Sorting for Clonal Analysis, Multiparametric Sorting using 8+ Color Panels, High-Speed Cell Sorting for Large Sample Volumes, Sterile Sorting for Direct Culture and Transplantation, Intracellular Cytokine Staining and Sorting, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Analysis via Flow Cytometry, Fluorescent Protein Sorting (e.g., GFP, RFP) , Rare Population Sorting with High Sensitivity Detectors, Use of Sorting Chips for Microfluidic Flow Cytometry
- Cellular Imaging with Confocal Microscopy: Live Cell Imaging for Dynamic Process Observation, FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) for Molecular Interactions, FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) to Measure Protein Mobility, Super-resolution Techniques beyond Diffraction Limit, Multi-photon Excitation for Deep Tissue Imaging, Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy for Cellular Behavior, Z-stacking and 3D Reconstruction from Confocal Slices, Use of Fluorescent Dyes and Probes Specific to Organelles, Quantitative Image Analysis for Cellular Metrics
Protocols List
- ELISA Enhancements: High-throughput robotic ELISA platforms, Multiplex ELISA for simultaneous detection of multiple targets, Digital ELISA for ultra-sensitive detection using single-molecule counting, Bead-based ELISA for enhanced capture efficiency, Time-resolved fluorescence ELISA for improved signal stability
- Antigen Preparation Innovations: Cell-free expression systems for rapid protein synthesis, Use of molecular chaperones for proper protein folding, Transient expression in mammalian cells for post-translational modifications, Use of immobilized enzymes for tag cleavage, High-pressure refolding techniques for disulfide-rich proteins
- Advanced Antigen Immunization Strategies: Use of nanoparticle-based adjuvants for enhanced immune response, Intralymphatic immunization for direct lymph node delivery, Use of gene electrotransfer for in vivo antigen expression, Implementing oral immunization strategies with encapsulated antigens, Autoantigen-based tolerization techniques for therapeutic antibody development
- Sophisticated Antibody Titre Analysis: Utilization of electrochemiluminescence for sensitive titre measurements, Biacore surface plasmon resonance for affinity and concentration, High-content screening for functional antibodies, Single B cell screening for rapid clone identification, Immuno-PCR for combining PCR sensitivity with antibody specificity
- Comprehensive Bleeding Techniques: Use of automated decapicone for high-throughput animal bleeding, Laser Doppler for real-time blood flow measurement during bleeding, Application of humane endpoints for ethical bleeding, Spectroscopic techniques for blood component analysis, Integration of stress-free handling equipment to minimize animal distress during bleeding
- Plasma Pheresis Advanced Protocols: Use of closed-system automated apheresis to prevent contamination, Application of differential centrifugation for selective plasma component retrieval, High-efficiency membrane separators for improved plasma yield, Real-time monitoring of plasma extraction parameters, Use of anticoagulant recycling systems to reduce waste
- Antibody Extraction from Plasma: Supercritical fluid extraction for antibody isolation, Partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems, Affinity partitioning using smart polymers, Continuous extraction systems for scale-up, Phase inversion precipitation for selective antibody isolation
- Highly Specialized Antibody Purification: Use of immunoaffinity columns specific to subclass or species, Sequential multi-step chromatography for removing aggregates, Utilization of fluidized bed chromatography for gentle processing, Cryogenic purification techniques for temperature-sensitive antibodies, Dynamic light scattering for real-time purity assessment
- In-depth Antibody Purity Analysis: Application of 2D-DIGE for differential analysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for molecular weight determination, Capillary electrophoresis for charge heterogeneity, Use of chromatofocusing for isoelectric point determination, Automated Western blot for high-throughput screening
- Coomassie Blue Staining Techniques: Use of reversible zinc staining for downstream MS analysis, Application of pre-stain protein loading controls for quantitative analysis, Implementation of gel documentation systems with fluorescence detection, Dual staining with imidazole-zinc and Coomassie for differential visualization, Use of eco-friendly Coomassie brilliant blue formulations for reduced toxicity
- Silver Staining Protocols: Use of formaldehyde-free silver staining for reduced toxicity, Silver enhancement for nanoparticle visualization in tissues, Microwave-assisted silver staining for rapid processing, Use of alternative reducing agents for enhanced clarity, Multi-metal staining techniques for differential protein visualization
Protocols List
- RNA Extraction from Tissue: Homogenization in Lysis Buffer, Use of Silica Columns or Magnetic Beads for RNA Purification, DNase Treatment to Remove DNA Contamination, RNA Integrity Assessment via Gel Electrophoresis or Bioanalyzer
- Reverse Transcriptase-PCR: Primer Design for Target RNA, Reverse Transcription of RNA to cDNA Using Reverse Transcriptase, PCR Amplification of cDNA, Gel Electrophoresis for PCR Product Verification
- Vector Design: Selection of Cloning or Expression Vector, Multiple Cloning Site (MCS) Analysis, Incorporation of Selectable Markers and Reporter Genes, Optimization of Regulatory Sequences for Expression
- Isolation of DNA: Cell Lysis and DNA Extraction from Various Tissue Sources, Phenol-Chloroform Extraction or Silica-Based DNA Purification, Quantification and Qualitative Assessment via Spectrophotometry or Fluorometry
- Vector Selection: Plasmid, Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) , or Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) Selection Based on Application, Comparison of Copy Number and Stability, Antibiotic Resistance Marker Consideration
- Restriction Digest: Selection of Restriction Enzymes Compatible with Vector and Insert, Setup of Digestion Reactions, Analysis of Digestion Efficiency via Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Purification of Digested Products
- Ligation: Preparation of Vector and Insert at Optimal Ratios, Use of T4 DNA Ligase for Covalent Bond Formation, Control Reactions Without Insert to Check Background, Transformation Efficiency Test of Ligation Mixture
- Transformation: Preparation of Competent Cells (Chemical or Electroporation Competency) , Heat Shock or Electroporation of Cells with Ligation Mixture, Recovery in SOC or LB Media, Plating on Selective Media
- Blue White Screening: Use of X-gal Plates to Distinguish Between Recombinant and Non-Recombinant Clones, IPTG Induction of LacZ Marker, Selection of White Colonies for Further Analysis
- Colony Picking: Sterile Technique for Isolating Individual Colonies, Inoculation in Liquid Culture for Amplification, Storage of Clones in Glycerol Stocks at -80°C
- Plasmid Extraction: Small-Scale (Miniprep) or Large-Scale (Maxiprep) Plasmid DNA Isolation, Plasmid DNA Purification Using Spin Columns or Anion Exchange Chromatography, Determination of Plasmid Concentration and Purity
- Sequencing: Preparation of DNA for Sanger Sequencing or Next-Generation Sequencing, Primer Design for Specific Regions, Submission of Samples to Sequencing Facility, Analysis of Sequencing Data for Verification of Cloning
Protocols List
- Culture Media Preparation: Autoclaving Media, pH Adjustment, Sterile Filtration Techniques
- Isolation Techniques: Serial Dilution for Plating, Single Colony Isolation using a Micromanipulator, Automated Colony Pickers
- Biochemical Testing: Automated Microbial Identification Systems (VITEK, MALDI-TOF) , Multi-Test Biochemical Panels, Enzyme Activity Assays
- Molecular Identification: Real-Time PCR for Rapid Identification, High-Throughput Sequencing for Community Profiling, Multiplex PCR for Pathogen Detection
- Whole Genome Sequencing: Library Preparation for Illumina, SMRTbell Library Construction for PacBio, Direct RNA Sequencing for Real-Time Applications
- Site-Directed Mutagenesis Protocols: Temperature Gradient PCR for Mutation Screening, Use of Modified Nucleotides for Error-Prone PCR, High-Fidelity Enzymes for Minimal Errors
- Overlap Extension PCR: Optimization of Primer Concentrations for Maximum Yield, Use of Thermostable DNA Polymerases, Adjustment of Annealing Temperatures for Different GC Contents
- Commercial Kits for Mutagenesis: High-Efficiency Cloning Vectors, Seamless Cloning using Gibson Assembly, Use of Homologous Recombination Kits
- Mega-primer Method: Primer Design for Target-Specific Mutagenesis, Use of Asymmetric PCR for Primer Amplification, Purification Techniques for Mega Primers
- Double-Stranded Plasmid Mutagenesis: Use of Methyl-Sensitive Restriction Enzymes, Cold-Shock Expression Systems for Plasmid Stabilization, Post-Transformation Cure of Template DNA
- Lambda Red Recombination: Induction of Lambda Prophage for Increased Efficiency, Recombineering with Linear DNA Fragments, Electrocompetent Cell Protocols Specific to Recombineering
- Bacterial Adaptive Mutagenesis: Use of Reporters for Mutation Detection, Automated Systems for Mutation Rate Analysis, Environmental Stress Chambers for Induced Mutagenesis
- CRISPR/Cas9 Techniques: Dual gRNA Design for Large Deletions, TracrRNA and crRNA Custom Synthesis, Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for In Vivo Editing
- Competent Cell Preparation: RbCl2 Preparation Method, Use of Different Strains for Optimized Uptake (DH5 alpha, BL21) , Protocol Variations for Ultra-Competent Cells
- DNA Transformation Methods: Microinjection for Direct Nucleus Delivery, Bioballistics for Plant Transformation, Silicon Carbide Whiskers for Transformation
- Electroporation Settings: Optimization of Capacitance for Different Cell Types, Use of Multi-Pulse Electroporation for Increased Efficiency, Software-Controlled Electroporation Parameters
- Antibiotic Selection Markers: Use of Dual Antibiotic Selection for Stability, Inducible Promoters for Controlled Expression, Linker Peptides for Cleavable Fusion Protein
- Screening Techniques: Automated Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) for High-Throughput Screening, Digital Droplet PCR for Precise Quantification, Chemiluminescent Reporters for Sensitive Detection
- Bioreactor Operation: Software-Controlled pH and Dissolved Oxygen Probes, Use of Optical Density Sensors for Growth Monitoring, Automated Feeding Systems for Optimized Growth
- GC-MS for Metabolite Profiling: Derivatization Techniques for Improved Volatility, Time-of-Flight (TOF) Detectors for Rapid Analysis, Tandem MS for Structural Elucidation
- Fermentation Optimization: Use of Oscillating Perfusion Systems for Improved Cell Density, Dynamic Nutrient Feeding Algorithms, Real-Time Metabolite Monitoring Systems
- Pilot Scale Production: CIP (Clean-In-Place) Systems for Bioreactors, Scale-Up Simulation Software, Inline Purification Technologies
- Quality Control Testing: Real-Time Stability Testing under Accelerated Conditions, Use of Biosensors for Contaminant Detection, High-Throughput Sequencing for Genetic Stability Testing
- Regulatory Compliance Documentation: Electronic Lab Notebooks for Data Integrity, Use of Regulatory Information Management Systems, Preparation of Submission-Ready Documentation Packages
Protocols List
- Genetic Modification of Crops: Vector Construction for Gene Insertion, Electroporation of Plant Cells, Floral Dip Method for Agrobacterium Transformation, Biolistic Particle Delivery System Setup, Selectable Marker Gene Incorporation, Screening for Transgenic Plants, Gene Editing via CRISPR-Cas9: Guide RNA Design, Cas9 Protein Delivery via Plasmid or Ribonucleoprotein, TALENs: Target Sequence Identification, Assembly of Custom TALENs, Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) : Zinc Finger Protein Design, mRNA Synthesis for ZFN Delivery, Field Trial Setup for GM Crops, Regulatory Compliance for GMO Release
- Soil Microbiome Analysis: Soil Sampling and Homogenization, DNA Extraction Using Commercial Kits, PCR Amplification of 16S rRNA Genes, Library Preparation for Sequencing, High-Throughput Sequencing on Illumina or PacBio, Bioinformatics: OTU Clustering and Taxonomic Assignment, Metagenomic Shotgun Library Preparation, Sequencing Data Analysis: Gene Prediction and Functional Annotation, RNA Extraction and Reverse Transcription for RNA-Seq, cDNA Library Construction and Sequencing for Metatranscriptomics, Data Integration and Microbial Community Interpretation, Stable Isotope Probing: DNA and RNA SIP, Analysis of Labeled DNA/RNA to Trace Metabolic Pathways
- Plant Tissue Culture Techniques: Preparation of Nutrient Media Specific to Plant Species, Autoclaving Media and Culture Vessels, Surface Sterilization of Explants Using Chemical Agents, Establishment of Aseptic Culture Conditions, Callus Induction Using Plant Hormones (Auxins and Cytokinins) , Subculturing Callus onto Regeneration Media, Inducing Shoot and Root Formation via Hormonal Manipulation, Micropropagation Through Meristem Culture, Somatic Embryo Development and Germination, Hardening Techniques for Tissue Cultured Plants: Gradual Adaptation to External Environment, Acclimatization in Greenhouse Conditions, Quality Assessment of Clonal Fidelity, Genetic Stability Testing Using Molecular Markers